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Music from the Margins

Music from the Margins

Primary author: Chris Dickey

Primary college/unit: Arts and Sciences
Campus: Pullman

Abstract:

There is an alarming lack of diversity in today’s classical music programming. In the past two years, for example, one of the world’s leading orchestras—the Chicago Symphony Orchestra—announced an upcoming season’s program that lacked a single piece written by a woman. Dickey, a tuba player and member of the LGBTQ+ community, also notes a lack of diverse programming in his own field of tuba performance. He performed a recital tour to four Midwestern universities that showcasing a variety of music, some of which was composed by individuals holding marginalized identities (women, LGBTQ+ individuals, and people of color). Discussing inclusive, thoughtful programming with audiences of aspiring educators, composers, conductors, and performers was an effective way to change the conversation in classical music. Addressing music from underrepresented populations did not diminish the music written by those of a dominant identity; instead, this project helped people understand how rich the music truly is when one makes an effort to be more inclusive. The tour addressed a large-scale problem in classical music by understanding gender, gender identity/expression, race, sexual orientation, and culture through the lens of music performance. Music is a shared cultural experience, one capable of expressing a group’s values and traditions. Bringing these underrepresented composers into the conversation can stimulate more interest and understanding of what those groups represent in a global society. This project asserted Washington State University’s artistic presence nationally and its commitment to expanding individual opportunity and equity.

Exploring the formation of molecular bonds between starch and fiber during production of cereal-based puffed snacks using infrared spectroscopy

Exploring the formation of molecular bonds between starch and fiber during production of cereal-based puffed snacks using infrared spectroscopy

Primary author: Debomitra Dey
Co-author: Bon-Jae Gu
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Girish Ganjyal

Primary college/unit: Agricultural, Human and Natural Resource Sciences
Campus: Pullman

Abstract:

Puffed snacks are manufactured using “Extrusion processing” which is a high-temperature-high-shear-short-time processing system. Most puffed snacks are rich in starch. There is an increase in the demand for high-fiber snacks. However, most high-fiber snacks currently available have poor taste and texture. Fiber is known to be inert in the expanded starch matrix during extrusion. However, our preliminary studies indicated, addition of small amounts of fiber can improve the texture of puffed products. Thus, it is critical to understand the starch-fiber interactions to develop products with high fiber without compromising the texture and taste.

We hypothesize, that the application of FT-IR (Fourier Transform-Infrared) spectroscopy can be employed for identification intermolecular changes between starch-fiber during extrusion. The mixture of starch and insoluble fiber were preconditioned water and extruded. The extrudates were characterized using FTIR and the expansion ratio (ER) were measured.

The ER was highest for low fiber extrudates. The FTIR spectra showed significant changes in the regions of 1045-950 cm-1 and 3500-3000 cm-1 providing an estimate of the degree of starch gelatinization and O-H bond formation during extrusion processing. The increase in insoluble fiber led to a decrease in the degree of starch cooking, which can be the result of the competition from fiber for absorption of water. This study presents the application of FTIR for qualitatively identifying the bonds formed between starch and fiber. We believe the information on molecular bond formation can be a valuable tool for the industry to develop direct-expanded products with high-fiber content.

Discovery and development of a multi-tenant engagement program for a Net-Zero building in Spokane, WA

Discovery and development of a multi-tenant engagement program for a Net-Zero building in Spokane, WA

Primary author: Julia Day
Co-author(s): Shelby Ruiz

Primary college/unit: Voiland College of Engineering and Architecture
Campus: Pullman

Abstract:

The Catalyst Building is part of the first phase of a Spokane re-development project and city-wide sustainability initiative. This pioneering project, expected to be completed in May 2020, will be the first net-zero energy and zero carbon building in Eastern Washington state. While many state-of-the-art and innovative energy-saving and carbon-reducing technologies have been implemented into the design (e.g. cross-laminated timber, shared central plant / eco-district, etc.), the owners realize that building occupants play a critical role in achieving aggressive energy goals. The authors have been tasked with the development of a tenant engagement and education program for the multi-tenanted Catalyst building to promote energy efficiency, health, and community within the project. These efforts will encourage a culture of energy efficiency and sustainability for Catalyst building occupants in ways that will positively impact the South Landing Development. As part of this program, tenants will learn strategies to save energy within the building and their community (e.g. human-building interface and interaction with energy usage including heating/cooling, plug loads, lighting, bicycle commuting, etc.)
This poster presents findings from an extensive literature review that was conducted to guide the development of the Catalyst Building tenant engagement program. Key topics include social science and behavioral change theories, occupant/tenant engagement strategies (such as technology and gamification), effective occupant and adult education, and best-practices case studies. These findings have guided the development of a robust tenant engagement program for the South Landing District to maximize net zero energy and zero carbon goals.

Health Education through Arts-based Learning (HEAL): Facilitating learning and engagement by blending arts and sciences

Health Education through Arts-based Learning (HEAL): Facilitating learning and engagement by blending arts and sciences

Primary author: Robert Danielson
Co-author(s): Molly Kelton; Libby Grace; Jeb Owen; Alison White; AnaMaria Martinez; Pat Butterfield; Michaela Fallon

Primary college/unit: College of Education
Campus: Pullman

Abstract:
Common goals for STEM education typically include the integration of multiple disciplines to encourage interdisciplinary thinking, recognition, and application of STEM concepts to real-world contexts. Integrating art into STEM disciplines enhances this goal, encouraging students to interact with and create multiple models of complex ideas. In addition, art can promote enhanced engagement, learning about science, visualization of scientific concepts, scientific reasoning, and scientific communication. Our broader project, Health-Education through Arts-Based Learning (HEAL), funded by both a WSU Seed Grant and now the National Institutes of Health (NIH), leverages arts-based communication to focus on zoonotic diseases and ecosystem dynamics. A partnership among university researchers, community organizations, and experts in science and science communication, HEAL attempts to build the capacity of educators and biomedical institutions to engage rural, predominantly Latinx students in locally relevant science activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate how arts integration into a STEM intervention might support learning, reasoning, and thinking about socio-scientific issues. Art of Insects, an after-school program serving upper elementary students in rural-agricultural communities, utilizes an arts-based approach to developing systems-level understanding of zoonotic diseases and ecosystem dynamics. Participants included late elementary students from predominantly Latinx rural-agricultural communities that participated in Art of Insects (n=19) in Fall 2018. Preliminary findings reveal that student thinking around mosquitoes and disease systems expanded after completion of Art of Insects, particularly through greater attendance to multiple elements and their relatedness and recognizing multiple interacting causal forces.

HoloLens Clutter Detection and Senior Care Support System

HoloLens Clutter Detection and Senior Care Support System

Primary author: Aaron Crandall
Co-author(s): Konstantin Shvedov; Jarred Eagley; Austin Craigie; Jacob Stocklass

Primary college/unit: Voiland College of Engineering and Architecture
Campus: Pullman

Abstract:

With the advent of modern medicine and a declining birthrate, our communities have been faced with an aging population. Older adults who live independently wish to stay safe, retain their independence, and not be a burden on their families. The Center for Advanced Studies in Adaptive Systems (CASAS) has ongoing work in the field of gerontechnology to support adults as they age. Significant research into caregiver needs pointed to issues of home maintenance and tripping hazards among independent older adults. Caregivers for seniors needed to know more about whether a home is cluttered or safe without being intrusive to the senior’s daily lives. This work’s hypothesis is that a 3D mapping system, notably the Microsoft HoloLens, can be used to build in-home models and track the changes in safe walking paths, in-home clutter, and detect tripping hazards. This information is provided to caregivers to help with home care and safety issue tracking. This project has developed a system which builds and algorithmically analyzes 3D maps of the home for clutter, renders the state of the home from a clutter and safety perspective, then notifies caregivers if issues are found. Ongoing work to test and evaluate the quality of the tools and to get user feedback about its effectiveness are underway. Once complete, this work shall provide new insights into how to sense and analyze living spaces for home care, and methods of notifying caregivers of when an independent senior might need an intervention to help take care of living spaces.

The effects of music versus mindfulness on affective responses to self-paced treadmill walking

The effects of music versus mindfulness on affective responses to self-paced treadmill walking

Primary author: Anne Cox
Co-author(s): Sarah Ullrich-French; Amanda McMahon

Primary college/unit: College of Education
Campus: Pullman

Abstract:

Positive affective responses are positively associated with exercise behaviour. Thus, researchers have focused on identifying strategies that are most effective at optimizing positive affect during exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using dissociative (music) and associative (mindfulness) strategies during exercise on affect-related variables in women not currently meeting physical activity guidelines. Participants (N = 31, Mage = 28.6, SD = 9.9) completed three self-paced exercise sessions (control, music, mindfulness) on a treadmill in a randomized order. Affective responses and ratings of perceived exertion were measured at four points during the 20-minute exercise session and affective responses, enjoyment, mindfulness, remembered affect and forecasted affect were measured after the exercise session. Results showed that participants’ affective responses during exercise were similar across conditions. Significantly higher enjoyment, remembered and forecasted affect were reported for the music condition compared to the control. There were no differences between the music and mindfulness conditions. The only significant difference between the mindfulness and control conditions was higher forecasted affect in the mindfulness condition. Results suggest that the use of mindfulness as an associative attentional strategy during exercise may support positive affective responses that are similar in magnitude to music. The qualities of acceptance and nonjudgement characteristic of mindfulness distinguish it from other forms of associative attention.

The bet of a loyal fan: the role of online sports communities in sports betting behavior

The bet of a loyal fan: the role of online sports communities in sports betting behavior

Primary author: Leticia Couto
Co-author(s): Mina Park
Faculty sponsor: Mina Park

Primary college/unit: Edward R. Murrow College of Communication
Campus: Pullman

Abstract:

Sports betting is a common topic one can be exposed to in any online sports community. Sports fans are frequently sharing information about sports betting and their betting experience with community members. Interactions among bettors are easily observed in online sports communities as well. This paper examines the role of online sports community participation as a mediator between fan loyalty and sports betting attitude and behavior. A web-administered survey was conducted and a total of 135 participants were included for the analysis. Results of the analysis show that the effects of fan loyalty on sports betting behavior is mediated by online sports community participation and perceived fun of sports betting. In specific, fan loyalty is positively associated with online sports community participation and level of online sports community participation is positively associated with perceived fun of sports betting and sports betting behavior. There is no direct relationship between fan loyalty and perceived fun of sports betting, or between fan loyalty and sports betting behavior. Results highlight the role of online sports communities in understanding sports fans’ betting behaviors. Implications and future directions of online sports community research are discussed.

A Model for Describing and Diagnosing Human Miscommunications

A Model for Describing and Diagnosing Human Miscommunications

Primary author: Lynne Cooper

Primary college/unit: Carson College of Business
Campus: Pullman

Abstract:

Miscommunication in team settings can lead to conflict and negatively impact team performance. Rapidly recognizing that a miscommunication has occurred and diagnosing the cause enables team members to fix the communication errors before they grow into conflicts. Existing models of human communication, however, are built on models developed during the early decades of computer use. The sequence “Message–>Encode–>Transmit–>Receive–>Decode–>Message” focuses on the transmission and receipt of messages consisting of well-structured, unambiguous data and information but fails to capture the richness, ambiguity, and contextualization inherent in person-to-person communication.

Communication starts with intent – the meaning (X0) the sender wishes to communicate and the intended impact of that communication. Analogous to the sequence above, meaning (X0) is articulated into a message (X1) by the sender, which is received (Y1) and interpreted by the recipient to extract meaning (Y0). Perfect communication occurs when X0 = Y0. Errors can occur anywhere along the path, for example, when a person misspeaks (X0-X1), Autocorrect changes a text (X1-Y1), or the receiver doesn’t recognize sarcasm (Y1-Y0).

The path from X0 = Y0, however, is affected multiple factors: the channel chosen to communicate, the physiological and emotional state of the sender and receiver, cultural and social factors, and the common ground of knowledge and experience they share. These factors serve to amplify, dampen, filter, or add noise, i.e., introduce errors, into the communication process.

This research developed an enriched, but still parsimonious, model that integrates these key factors into a practical model for describing and diagnosing interpersonal (mis)communications.

Repeated cross-sectional evaluation of Washington State’s Community Prevention and Wellness Initiative for adolescent substance use prevention

Repeated cross-sectional evaluation of Washington State’s Community Prevention and Wellness Initiative for adolescent substance use prevention

Primary author: Brittany Cooper
Co-author(s): Gitanjali Shrestha; Laura Hill; Clara Hill

Primary college/unit: Agricultural, Human and Natural Resource Sciences
Campus: Pullman

Abstract:
Introduction: The Community Prevention and Wellness Initiative (CPWI) is a strategic, data-informed community coalition model aimed at bringing together key stakeholders to reduce underage substance use and related risk factors among adolescents using evidence-based prevention programming. In this repeated measures cross-sectional study, we followed linked grade-cohorts of students over time to assess whether developmentally normative patterns of changes in substance use and related risk factors differed in CPWI communities compared to non-CPWI communities.

Method: We used a quasi-experimental design and conducted propensity score weighted multilevel modeling to examine change over time. Our sample consisted of students who participated in the biennial Healthy Youth Survey (HYS) from 18 CPWI and 174 non-CPWI communities. As HYS is anonymous at the student level, linking grade-cohorts of students enabled us to study changes in outcomes as adolescents grew older.

Results: Results suggest that CPWI has a positive impact on developmental trends in reducing adolescent substance use and risk factors. Consistent with developmentally normative expectations, alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use increased significantly with age in both CPWI and non-CPWI communities. However, the use of these substances increased more slowly in CPWI communities compared to non-CPWI communities. Six risk factors across peer-individual, family, and community domains increased significantly with age in both CPWI and non-CPWI communities, but these risks increased more slowly in CPWI communities.

Conclusion: Positive findings are similar to those found in experimental trials; these suggest that the coalition model is effective and can be scaled up to the state level.

Charlie Parker’s Connection to Hip Hop

Charlie Parker’s Connection to Hip Hop

Primary author: Gabriel Condon

Primary college/unit: Arts and Sciences
Campus: Pullman

Abstract:

I presented my research entitled, “Charlie Parker’s Connection to Hip Hop,” at the 2020 Jazz Education Network Conference (JEN) in New Orleans. JEN is the premier jazz education conference in the world. My research uncovers the common ancestry that jazz and hip hop share as Black American musical genres.
My research provides an analysis of revolutionary bebop saxophonist, Charlie Parker’s rhythmic vocabulary. It shows the integral role syncopated rhythmic accents play in Parker’s composed and improvised melodies. The use of syncopation is an African tradition. These traditions were brought to America by slaves, who were in turn influenced by other ethnic groups present in New Orleans at the beginning of the 20th century.
A rhythmic analysis of hip hop music from the 1990’s and early 2000’s shows a similar use of accented syncopation. This similarity in rhythmic vocabulary inspired my further research into the possibility of combining the jazz and hip hop genres.
To explore this, I composed melodies in the style of Charlie Parker that used the rhythmic content from “Juicy,” a composition by acclaimed hip hop artist, The Notorious B.I.G.. When composing the melodies, I used Charlie Parker’s melodic techniques to authentically integrate the syncopated accents from the Notorious B.I.G.’s rapping into my compositions.
The effectiveness of the composed melody proves the rhythmic connection that jazz and hip hop share as Black American musical genres. It also demonstrates unexplored possibilities of collaboration between hip hop artists and jazz artists.